Computer Hardware, Software and Brainware

Computer Basic Operations

Introduction

Computer is set or group of electronic devices that work together. A computer can do a series of task automatically with given programs, and data processing tool that turns into information through a certain process.

Computer as a product of technology has characteristics as follow :

1. Having a quick and precise accessing ability
2. Producing information from the previous data
3. Having the ability to store a mass of data (up to GB)
4. Having the ability to import and export data that is specially designed

Components of Computer

Basic components in computer system consists of hardware, software and brain ware(user, operator and administrator)

Computer Hardware

Hardware is machinery and electronic part of a computer system. Hardware consists of :

1. Input device                : Keyboard and mouse
2. Processing device        : CPU (Central Processing Unit) and storage device
3. Output device             : Monitor and printer

Software

Software is program containing instructions written in computer language comprehended by computer hardware

The kind of software as follow :

1. Operating system software

Operating system software is used as :

1. Interpreter : interpreting instructions of application software to be understood by hardware
2. Hardware configuration : recognizing peripheral (computer’s supporting devices)
3. File manager : data / program management

2. Application software

Application software is used to process electronic data. A lot of application software are offered in the market, but we can divide application software based on the function, as follows :

1. Software for word processing
2. Software for spreadsheet processing
3. Software for statistic data processing
4. Software for database processing
5. Software for cad ( computer aided designed)
6. Software for image processing
7. Programming language software

We have to recognize the kinds of data that we want to process. Then, we decide the suitable application program. Next, we choose an application program that fits our need or work

Brain ware

Brain ware is a term used to refer to the people who work in computer field. Consist of :

1. User/Operator : a person who operates a computer
2. Administrator : a person who organizes or designs the work system, work sequence, data processing and output.
3. Programmer, a person who creates codes of computer programs or aplication programs.
4. Technical Support, a person who controls and maintain aplication software.

Computer Hardware

Computer hardware can be defined as physical equipments of the computers itself. These physical equipment can be seen, touched, or moved. In general, this computer hardware is divided in to 4 important components, which are :

• Input device
• Process devices
• Output devices

Input Devices

Input device can be divided into direct and indirect input device, Direct input device is the input that is directly  put in process device, while indirect input device is the one that is put in through certain media before an input is being processed by process device

Data input is meant to convert data from a document source into a form that be received in a computer. Physical form of input device cab keyboard, pointing device (such as mouse, touch screen, light pen, etc), scanner, sensor (such a  digitizing camera), voice recognizer (such as microphone) on the other hand, physical form of indirect device ( such as card media, magnetic disk media/CD)

Keyboard

Keyboard is an input device that function to type or input letter, numbers or certain symbol into software of operating system run by the computer. So, keyboard can give a direct instruction or order to the computer. Keyboard is connected to the computer with a cable in the keyboard. The tip of cable is plugged into a port on the computer CPU

Mouse

Mouse is pointing device that is used to manage cursor position on the screen and input data into computer besides keyboard. Mouse looks like a mouse with a cable that looks like a long mouse tail.

Scannner

Scanner is device used to scan a text, picture/image, etc,. The scanning result will be transformed into computer as digital data and stored in computer memory. From computer memory, the data can be stored in the hard disk or floppy disk, CD, DVD, etc.

Digital camera

One input device that is very famous is a digital camera. A digital camera doesn’t need a film just like the conventional cameras.

Microphone

Mic is an input device that function to record or input sound that will be stored in computer memory, with this device we can record our voice and can also talk directly with the person we want when we are chatting on the internet.

Light Pen

As an electronic pen touched onto screen (touched screen) light pen is used to make graphics and picture in CAD (Computer Aided Design)

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND COPYRIGHT

Copyright is a privilege which is owned by the developer and creator of a work or product. With the existence of copyright has the authority have the right to sue any party who sell their homemade products or duplicate without permission from the copyright owner.

Respecting Copyright In using any copyrighted works have moral ethics, the use of copyrighted works must obtain advance permission or license from the manufacturer.
The use of copyrighted works without official permission is a violation of one form, namely in the form of copyright infringement.

Form of respect for copyrighted works:

•         Using the original software.

•         Do not piracy or unauthorized reproduction.

•         Do not modify or alter the program to specific interests.

•         No use for crime.

•         Not abused in any form.

•         Does not sell products or works to others without permission.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are rights which are owned by the creator of a copyrighted work product, including the Software.

LAW OF COPYRIGHT

•         Law of Copyright no.19 of article 72 in 2002, are

•         Whoever intentionally broadcast, exhibit, distribute, or sell to the public a creation or goods copyright infringement or related rights referred to in paragraph 1 shall be punished with imprisonment of five years and a maximum fine of Rp 500 million (five hundred million rupiah )

•         Whoever intentionally and without right to reproduce the use for commercial purposes in a computer program shall be punished with imprisonment of five years and a fine of not more Rp500.000.000 (five hundred million rupiah)

Examples of Copyright violations

•         illegal copying, or unauthorized copies.

•         Change or modify the program.

•         Broadcasting.

•         Distributions.

•         Sales.

•         Forgery.

Definition of Networking

Definition of computer networking

Computer networking is system  consists of computer device and the others that work togather to make a networking.

Definition of computer networking

Computer networking is system  consists of computer device and the others that work togather to make a networking.

Advantages of computer networking usage

•      To share the hardware (resource sharing)

•      As the media communication.

•      Data security.

The kind of computer networking

•      Local Area Network (LAN)

•      Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

•      Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)is computer networking that connect to one computer to the others including one or more place and building closely so that computer can communicate each other.

Type of LAN :

•      client/server, networking type that have client and server, the definition client is computer to get a service from the server.

•      peer-to-peer, networking type  that give a the same position to all computer.

Picture of LAN;

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN),  is LAN version  that has a bigger as usual and usually using the same technology like LAN but MAN  including the company or town area or having larger area than LAN

Picture of MAN

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN), has  a wide area, including a country or government networking

Picture of WAN;

Media Transmmision media on the computer networking.

Media Transmmision with a cable.

•      sample : coaxial cable, LAN cable, etc

Picture of LAN cable;

Media Transmmision without a cable.

•      IRDA or Infra Red  (infrared)

•      DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecomuni-cation)

•      Bluetooth

•      Standar IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

The devices to connect the computer networking

•        Computer

•        (LAN Card)

•          Network Cable.

•          Modem

•         Telephone

Computer

•       Server Computer

•       User/client Computer

Network Interface Card (LAN Card)

Network Interface Card or NIC is the device that connects computer to Network Card which set up on main board of computer 

Picture of NIC :

Network cable :

Type of network cable :

•      Coaxial cable

•      Twisted pair

•        Fibre optic cable

Sample picture of network cable :

Modem

 Data from the computer in the form of a digital signal provided to the modem to be converted into an analog signal. Analog signals can be transmitted through several media, telecommunications such as telephone and radio.Arriving at the destination modem, the analog signal is converted into digital signals back and sent to the computer.

Picture of Modem

There are two types of modems physically, the external modem and internal modem. .

Picture of EXTERNAL MODEM

Defination of Topology

Topology is the way to connect one computer with others so that it will be networking

The type of Networking computer topology.

•      BUS

•      RING

•      STAR

Bus Topology

Bus Topology is the way to connect every node, where every node do their job, this topology has 2 type; Bus Linear and T-Bus

Picture of Bus;

Ring Topology

Ring Topology is the way to connect computer so that it will be a circle formatioan

 Picture of Ring; 

Star Topology

Star Topology is every user system of computer connects server omputer and it doesn’t need to connect with the others

 Picture of Star; 

Introduction

Praise and thanksgiving we pray God's presence as a sense of joy and grace we have been able to finish this website for our lovely SMPK 6 PENABUR students

This website is based on the needs of ICT knowledge. Schools are given the authority to develop a knowledge based curriculum KTSP as required, environmental conditions, and ability. Therefore, ICT teachers can use this website as a reference in developing Education Unit Level Curriculum for Information and Communication Technology lesson.

With a more complete coverage of indicators, this website can be used as a handbook junior high students in the course Information Technology and Communication. ICT teachers try to present a simple language and easily understood by students to facilitate the achievement of basic competencies. Presentation material is also equipped with a task, practice, and practice questions and evaluation of each competency standard.

We say many thanks to Mrs.Ciptiyani, M.Pd as the principal of SMPK 6 PENABUR , all school principals, fellow teachers of IT, MGMP ICT levels SMPK PENABUR Jakarta, who have contributed suggestions for the completion of this book. Not forgetting we also like to thank all those who have helped up to the completion of this website.

We realize that this website is far from perfect, because website about ICT is still very limited and even still foreign to most students, so we strive to present the material easy to understand. Therefore, we accept the criticisms and suggestions in a positive and build from fellow readers for improvements in subsequent editions. Hopefully this website can provide benefits to junior high students.

Best Regards


Jemmy Oldy R, SS